dpkg  -l  |grep linux-image

sudo apt remove  --purge linux-image-....

On ubuntu,

$ sudo locale-gen "en_US.UTF-8"

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

or simply add follows on "/etc/environment"

LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8
LANG=en_US.UTF-8

$ sudo yum install ntp xinetd

$ sudo vim/etc/ntp.conf

comment out

# server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

# server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

# server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

# server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

add

server kr.pool.ntp.org

server time.bora.net

server time.nuri.net

$sudo chkconfig ntpd on

$sudo chkconfig xinetd on

$ sudo service ntpd start

$ sudo service xinetd start

$ date

#done.

"echo 0x[hex value] > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuX/cache/index3/subcache " where each bit within 4 bit hexadecimal mask correspond to each subcache.

To see the result of an evaluation at every experiment, it is common to access a last modified directory.

I used to do 'ls -altr' , copy the last field in last line with my mouse dragging and then paste something like "cd <pasted directory name>" 

$NF within AWK program refers to the number of fields of the current record, thus printing $NF means the last field in the record.

By using this

then i can access the last modified directory with 'cdl' command.

Tag : 리눅스, 마지막필드, awk, 디렉토리

because I'm familiar with CentOS, i couldn't set default kernel easily in grub.cfg in kali(debian) linux

basically, there is main menu which in turns, includes submenu.

what I want to do is setting default kernel to third entry in submenu within secondary entry in main menu.

here is the example

$ vim  /etc/default/grub

and set GRUB_DEFAULT="1>2"

$ sudo update-grub 

...

After update "/etc/apt/sources.list"

$ apt-get update

$ apt-get dist-upgrade

Reference : https://superuser.com/questions/79822/how-to-swap-the-fn-use-of-function-keys-on-an-apple-keyboard-in-linux

echo X > /sys/module/hid_apple/parameters/fnmode

if X == 0 : Fn key disabled

X == 1 : Fn key pressed by default

X == 2 : Fn key released by default

From /drivers/hid/hid-apple.c

$ diskutil list 

(assuming /dev/disk2 is the USB device)

$ diskutil unmount XXX(mounted USB directory)

$ sudo dd if=./kali-linux-yyy.iso of=/dev/disk2 bs=512k

rpm -iUvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

yum update -y

yum -y install docker-io

After doing these, i met a problem with Cgroup.

/cgroup/memory: No such file or directory

Starting cgconfig service: Error: cannot mount memory to /cgroup/memory: No such file or directory

/sbin/cgconfigparser; error loading /etc/cgconfig.conf: Cgroup mounting failed

Failed to parse /etc/cgconfig.conf                         [FAILED]

Then, edit "/etc/cgconfig.conf" as follows :

# memory = /cgroup/memory;

And start the cgroup service and docker

$ sudo service cgconfig start

$ sudo service docker start

Optionally, we can configure docker to start at every booting time as follows,

$ sudo chkconfig docker on