전엔 몰랐던 기능들... 우연히 아래의 주소에서  읽게되었다.

출처 : http://beej.us/guide/bggdb/

Using Coredumps for Postmortem Analysis

Let's say you build and run a program, and it dumps core on you for some reason or another:

$ cc -g -o foo foo.c
$ ./foo
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

This means that a core file (with a memory snapshot from the time of the crash) has been created with the name "core". If you're not getting a core file (that is, it only says "Segmentation fault" and no core file is created), you might have your ulimit set too low; try typing ulimit -c unlimited at your shell prompt.

You can fire up gdb with the -c option to specify a core file:

$ gdb -tui -c core foo

And, if in TUI mode, you'll be greeted with a screen of information, telling you why the program exited ("signal 11, Segmentation fault"), and the highlight will be on the offending line. (In dumb terminal mode, the offending line is printed out.)

In this example, I print the variable that's causing the problem. Indeed it is NULL:

Even if you don't have all the source code, it's often useful to get a backtrace from the point the program crashed.

Window Functions

In TUI mode, you can get a list of existing windows with the info win command. You can then change which window has focus with the focus (or fs) command. focus takes either a window name, or "prev" or "next" as an argument. Valid window names are "SRC" (source window), "CMD" (command window), "REGS" (registers window), and "ASM" (assembly window). See the next section for how to use these other windows.

Note that when the SRC window has focus, the arrow keys will move the source code, but when the CMD window has focus, the arrow keys will select the previous and next commands in the command history. (For the record, the commands to move the SRC window single lines and single pages are +, -, <, and >.)

(gdb) info win
        SRC     (36 lines)  <has focus>
        CMD     (18 lines)
(gdb) fs next
Focus set to CMD window.
(gdb) info win
        SRC     (36 lines)
        CMD     (18 lines)  <has focus>
(gdb) fs SRC
Focus set to SRC window.
(gdb)

(Window names are case in-sensitive.)

The winheight (or wh) command sets the height of a particular window, but I've had bad luck with this working well.

Display Registers and Assembly

In TUI mode, the layout command controls which windows you see. Additionally, the tui reg allows control of the register window, and will open it if it's not already open.

Here's a nifty screenshot to whet your appetite, showing source and assembly in "split" mode:

Assembly code comes in two flavors on Intel machines: Intel and AT&T. You can set which one appears in the disassembly window with set disassembly-flavor. Valid values are "intel" and "att". If you already have the assembly window open, you'll have to close it and reopen it (layout src followed by layout split, for example.)

To display registers in dumb terminal mode, type info registers for the integer registers, or info all-registers for everything.

Writing a Front-End

You're thinking, "Wow, this is pretty cool, but I could write a killer front-end for this thing that worked so much better! How do I do it?"

GDB supports what it calls the "machine interface interpreter", or GDB/MI. The interpreter is selected on the gdb command line with the --interpreter switch.

Basically you'll launch gdb and read commands and results to and from it (probably using pipes). Pretty straightforward.

See the GDB documentation for all the details.

Quick Reference

Command parameters are in italics. Optional parameters are in square brackets. All commands can be abbreviated until they become ambiguous.

This list is very very incomplete, and only shows things talked about in this tutorial!